Diagnosis, staging and treatment planning
- Symptoms, examination and imaging can suggest cancer, but most cancers require tissue sampling/biopsy to identify the type. Blood cancers use specialized blood, marrow and molecular tests.
- Staging describes spread and helps determine whether the aim is cure, long-term control or symptom relief. Biomarker/genomic testing guides targeted or immune treatment in selected cancers.
- A multidisciplinary team considers pathology, stage, organ function, other illnesses, pregnancy, prior treatment, patient goals and clinical trials. A second oncology opinion is reasonable when the diagnosis or plan is uncertain.
- Do not delay biopsy or staging to try an alternative treatment; delay can change whether a cancer remains curable.